Slashing On Ethereum
A functioning Ethereum validator continuously signs attestations, or votes, for its view of the chain. If a validator’s view of the chain (state) is in agreement with others, their attestations will match and be included in a block (attestations with invalid head votes may be included; however, they are not rewarded). In addition to regular attestations, validators are randomly assigned additional responsibilities: block proposals and participation in the sync committee. However, when a validator fails to fulfil its duties for an extended period, it is considered offline.
On Ethereum, being offline is not considered to be a major offence. Since Ethereum is designed with decentralisation in mind, being offline is treated leniently, and validators incur negligible downtime penalties. Any behaviour that acts against the security of the network and its decentralization, however, is treated harshly with slashing. We will dive deeper into that.
Download full report
Disclaimer: Twinstake does not provide staking services to retail customers. This briefing note is not intended as a promotion, offer, invitation or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any investment, nor is it intended to give rise to any other legal relations whatsoever and must not be relied upon for the purposes of any investment decision. It does not constitute financial, legal, or investment advice. If you do not have the relevant professional experience in matters relating to crypto asset investments, you should not consider this briefing note to be directed at you.
This briefing note and the information in it are not directed at, or intended to be made available to, retail customers. It is directed only at persons who are professional investors (for the purposes of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (2011/61/EU) (known as ‘AIFMD’); professional clients or eligible counterparties for the purposes of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (Directive 2004/39/EC) (known as ‘MiFID’); if you are in the UK, to “Investment Professionals” or “High Net Worth Companies” as defined in s.19 and s.49 respectively of the Financial Promotions Order, or as otherwise defined under applicable local regulations and at whom this briefing note and the information in it may lawfully be directed in any relevant jurisdiction.
The appearance of any third-party hyperlinks or third-party reference in the briefing note does not constitute an endorsement, guarantee, warranty, or recommendation by Twinstake. Do conduct your own due diligence before deciding to use any third-party services.
Twinstake shall have no liability for any loss or damage that may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on the information provided herein or for any errors or omissions in the information.
A functioning Ethereum validator continuously signs attestations, or votes, for its view of the chain. If a validator’s view of the chain (state) is in agreement with others, their attestations will match and be included in a block (attestations with invalid head votes may be included; however, they are not rewarded). In addition to regular attestations, validators are randomly assigned additional responsibilities: block proposals and participation in the sync committee. However, when a validator fails to fulfil its duties for an extended period, it is considered offline.
On Ethereum, being offline is not considered to be a major offence. Since Ethereum is designed with decentralisation in mind, being offline is treated leniently, and validators incur negligible downtime penalties. Any behaviour that acts against the security of the network and its decentralization, however, is treated harshly with slashing. We will dive deeper into that.
Download full report
Disclaimer: Twinstake does not provide staking services to retail customers. This briefing note is not intended as a promotion, offer, invitation or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any investment, nor is it intended to give rise to any other legal relations whatsoever and must not be relied upon for the purposes of any investment decision. It does not constitute financial, legal, or investment advice. If you do not have the relevant professional experience in matters relating to crypto asset investments, you should not consider this briefing note to be directed at you.
This briefing note and the information in it are not directed at, or intended to be made available to, retail customers. It is directed only at persons who are professional investors (for the purposes of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (2011/61/EU) (known as ‘AIFMD’); professional clients or eligible counterparties for the purposes of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (Directive 2004/39/EC) (known as ‘MiFID’); if you are in the UK, to “Investment Professionals” or “High Net Worth Companies” as defined in s.19 and s.49 respectively of the Financial Promotions Order, or as otherwise defined under applicable local regulations and at whom this briefing note and the information in it may lawfully be directed in any relevant jurisdiction.
The appearance of any third-party hyperlinks or third-party reference in the briefing note does not constitute an endorsement, guarantee, warranty, or recommendation by Twinstake. Do conduct your own due diligence before deciding to use any third-party services.
Twinstake shall have no liability for any loss or damage that may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on the information provided herein or for any errors or omissions in the information.
Disclaimer: Twinstake does not provide staking services to retail customers. This report is not intended as a promotion, offer, invitation or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any investment, nor is it intended to give rise to any other legal relations whatsoever and must not be relied upon for the purposes of any investment decision. It does not constitute financial, legal, or investment advice. If you do not have the relevant professional experience in matters relating to crypto asset investments, you should not consider this report to be directed at you.
References to network performance, rewards, validator queues and planned protocol upgrades are based on information available as at the dates stated in this report, may change and are not guaranteed. Historical reward and performance data is not a reliable indicator of future results. Reward rates are denominated in the relevant cryptoasset and are not fiat returns. Fees and costs may reduce client returns, and asset prices may fall. Staking rewards are variable, principal may be lost, and staking may involve slashing, downtime, liquidity, market, protocol, operational and other risks. Protocol upgrades referenced in this report that are not yet active on mainnet may change before activation, or may not activate.
This report and the information in it are not directed at, or intended to be made available to, retail customers. It is directed only at persons who are professional investors (for the purposes of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (2011/61/EU) (known as ‘AIFMD’); professional clients or eligible counterparties for the purposes of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (Directive 2014/65/EU) (known as ‘MiFID II’); if you are in the UK, to “Investment Professionals” or “High Net Worth Companies” as defined in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, or as otherwise defined under applicable local regulations and at whom this report and the information in it may lawfully be directed in any relevant jurisdiction.
The appearance of any third-party hyperlinks or third-party reference in the report does not constitute an endorsement, guarantee, warranty, or recommendation by Twinstake. Do conduct your own due diligence before deciding to use any third-party services.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, Twinstake shall have no liability for any loss or damage that may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on the information provided herein or for any errors or omissions in the information. Nothing in this report excludes liability for fraud, fraudulent misrepresentation or any liability that cannot lawfully be excluded, or varies any applicable written agreement with Twinstake.
Keep reading
Stay up to date
